Q. What is it supposed to be on the show?

A. A public street corner. 

 
Q. Where is it supposed to be on the show?

A.  In Brooklyn, New York.

Q. When did we see it on the show?

A. We see this location in Episode 2 of Season 1 of Resurrection.
 
Dexter's spots the Dark Passenger (Ron Schmidt) coming out of the Bridge Data Network building, and follows him.

He then sees the villain about to get into a rideshare car, no doubt planning to kill the driver. So Dexter interferes, telling him not to take his Ur-Car.  The man looks surprised, but walks away. But in the process, Dexter has finally gotten a good look at the Dark Passenger's face.
 
Dexter continues to follow him, as he heads for the subway.      

 
Q. What is it actually in real life?

A. a public street corner.

Q. Where can I find it in real life?

A. When Dexter follows the Dark Passenger (after he leaves the Bridge Data Network building, the villain walks north down Everit Street for a short block, then turns left (west) on Old Fulton Street. 
 
The scene where Dexter stops the killer from entering a rideshare car was shot at the northeast corner of Everit St. & Old Fulton St., in Brooklyn, not far from the Brooklyn Bridge.  ( Basically at the curb in front of “The Brooklyn Ice Cream Factory” at 14 Old Fulton Street.) 
 
( It is virtually across the street from the Brooklyn Bridge. ) 
 
The building with crescent windows seen behind Dexter is a café called “% Arabica”. It's located across Everit St, at 20 Old Fulton St.

When the villain walks away, after Dexter stops him from getting in the car, he is walking west/northwest on Old Fulton Street.
 
Here is a matching StreetView of the corner where the rideshare car is parked:
 

 
Here is an aerial photo of the location.  And here is a map link.